Policy Library
CUP’s Online Policy Library
Introduction
We live in a constantly changing, highly politicized world. To contribute meaningfully to improving our communities, we need to understand -- and engage in -- the world of politics and public policy. This library provides a hand-picked selection of articles, guides, and tools to help with all kinds of policy-related thinking, development, and action.
How to Use the Library
First think about what you want to know about policy. Consider the questions below to help you pinpoint what it is you are looking for. Once you know the topic you are interested in, all you have to do is look through the group of resources under that question to find documents that will be relevant for you. This is not an exhaustive list but resources we have found to be useful in the last few years as we grapple with our own role in supporting the development of public policy dialogue and action.
We invite you to help us to improve this library by filling out this survey.
What is public policy and how does it work?
Do you want to know more about policy in general? This is an important first step for making your knowledge have more impact in public policy. These resources are intended to provide you with an introduction to exploring approaches to evidence-informed policymaking.
https://health-policy-systems.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1478-4505-7-S1-S1
This article provides you with an overall introduction to evidence-informed policymaking. The document was written by Andrew Oxman, John Lavis, Simon Lewin, and Atle Fretheim and published in Health Research Policy and Systems in 2009.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2724448/
This article outlines how qualitative and quantitative evidence can be used to inform the policy process in three domains of evidence-based public policy (process, content, and outcomes). While the focus is on health policy, you can use this introduction to evidence-based public policy and its approaches to inform your work in your research area. The article was written by Ross Brownson, Jamie Chriqui, and Katherine Stamatakis and published in the American Journal of Public Health in 2009.
https://www.ncchpp.ca/165/publications.ccnpps?id_article=1077
This document provides you with a framework to better understand past policy choices and to plan to influence future policy implementation. The framework brings together three common sets of factors (interests, ideas, and institutions) for you to consider when exploring public policy development processes, and provides you with a checklist of key questions. The briefing note was written by François-Pierre Gauvin at the National Collaborating Centre for Healthy Public Policy in 2014.
https://brookfieldinstitute.ca/report/exploring-policy-innovation/
This report provides you with an overview of methods and tools to support different approaches to policy innovation. You can use this document as a starting point for exploring opportunities for your work to impact policy development in innovative ways. The report was developed by the Brookfield Institute in 2018.
How can I start talking about public policy with my partners, or with people in my organization?
Do you want to have emerging and ongoing dialogue that fosters collaboration and problem-solving? Do you have a passion to support the best possible outcomes in your community? These tools can help you to advance public policy conversations with your partners and within your organization.
http://policyreadinesstool.com/the-tool/
This tool outlines how you can begin to assess community and organizational readiness for policy change, based on three levels of readiness (innovator, majority, and late adopter). You can use the tool’s questionnaire and report to encourage the exploration of healthy public policy. The tool also includes a series of general strategies and resources for working with municipalities and groups at different stages of readiness for policy change. The tool was created by Dr. Candace Nykiforuk and the Policy, Location and Access in Community Environments (PLACE) team in the School of Public Health at the University of Alberta and updated in 2019.
https://health-policy-systems.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1478-4505-7-S1-S14
This article provides you with questions to guide you through how to organize and use policy dialogues to support evidence-informed policymaking. The document was written by John Lavis, Jennifer Boyko, Andrew Oxman, Simon Lewin, and Atle Fretheim and published in Health Research Policy and Systems in 2009.
This toolkit presents a set of tools to help you better communicate information, research, and evidence. The tools are grouped under planning, packaging, targeting, and monitoring to guide you through a series of steps during the communication process. The document was written by Ingie Hovland at the Overseas Development Institute in 2005.
https://ctb.ku.edu/en/creating-and-maintaining-coalitions-and-partnerships
This resource provides you with a step-by-step outline for creating a coalition or partnership among different organizations or groups to address a common public policy goal. The toolkit is part of the Community Tool Box service, which was first developed in 1994, comprehensively updated in 2006, and continues to be managed by the Center for Community Health and Development at the University of Kansas.https://ctb.ku.edu/en/increasing-participation-and-membership
This resource provides you with a step-by-step outline to help you increase stakeholder engagement, participation, and membership for your policy change efforts. The toolkit is part of the Community Tool Box service, which was first developed in 1994, comprehensively updated in 2006, and continues to be managed by the Center for Community Health and Development at the University of Kansas.https://www.tamarackcommunity.ca/library/compendium-of-collective-impact-resources
This tool provides resources for your initiative over five phases (assess readiness, initiate action, organize for impact, begin implementation, and sustain action and impact). You can use the tool to encourage collaboration across partners. The tool was developed by the Tamarack Institute in 2018.https://www.tamarackcommunity.ca/library/bringing-the-heart-into-collective-impact
This tool is designed to help you have collaborative conversations with your partners and others. The resources are designed to assist you to understand the motivation of key members at the table, build a shared understanding of the issue and how each member is connected to the issue, and access resources to inform the conversation so that you can make a bigger impact. The tool was developed by Liz Weaver at the Tamarack Institute in 2018.
How can I, or my organization, participate in and influence public policy?
Do you want to explore new policy opportunities in your own work? Is there an opportunity for you to participate in policy conversations? These resources are a starting point for you to decide how you want to participate in and influence policy.
https://www.odi.org/publications/10671-10-things-know-about-how-influence-policy-research
This briefing paper provides a high-level overview of what you should consider when starting to use your research to influence policy. The document was written by Helen Tilley, Louise Shaxson, John Young, Joanna Rea, and Louise Ball at the Overseas Development Institute in 2017.
http://www.ncchpp.ca/165/publications.ccnpps?id_article=966
This briefing note introduces you to a ‘stages model’ that can help you to understand how to make contributions during the complex process of public policy development in a relatively simple manner. The model outlines five stages (agenda setting, policy formulation, adoption or decision making, implementation, and evaluation) for you to consider when transmitting information and evidence during the policymaking process. The document was written by François-Pierre Gauvin at the National Collaborating Centre for Healthy Public Policy in 2013.https://www.ncchpp.ca/181/publications.ccnpps?id_article=1453
This briefing note presents a logic model for understanding the processes through which knowledge can influence public policy. Questions are included for you to reflect on your own knowledge-sharing practices, on the contexts in which they are carried out, and on the factors they are able to act upon to facilitate the knowledge-sharing process. The document was written by Florence Morestin at the National Collaborating Centre for Healthy Public Policy in 2015.
https://www.cdc.gov/policy/analysis/process/analysis.html
This framework provides you with a guide for identifying, analyzing, and prioritizing policies that relate to your work. The framework outlines three domains (problem identification, policy analysis, and strategy and policy development) and key steps you can follow to determine what the evidence-based policy solutions and gaps may be. The framework was created by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 2013.
This handbook presents a ‘context, evidence, links’ framework for how you as a researcher can use your insights to make political impact through influencing public policy and practice. The tools are set out to help guide you through your research, context assessment, communication, and policy influence. The document was written by Daniel Start and Ingie Hovland at the Overseas Development Institute in 2004.
https://www.odi.org/features/roma/home
This whole system approach outlines different steps, each with its own set of associated tools, for you to explore as you engage with and influence public policy. A series of resources are presented, including a framework for you to diagnose your policy problem, a workshop-based approach to help you develop your engagement strategy, and templates to assist you in your monitoring and evaluation efforts. The approach was developed by John Young, Louise Shaxson, Harry Jones, Simon Hearn, Ajoy Datta, and Caroline Cassidy of the Research and Policy in Development (RAPID) team at the Overseas Development Institute in 2014.
https://ctb.ku.edu/en/influencing-policy-development
This resource provides you with a step-by-step outline for how you can approach bringing about policy change at the various different stages of the policy process. The toolkit is part of the Community Tool Box service, which was first developed in 1994, comprehensively updated in 2006, and continues to be managed by the Center for Community Health and Development at the University of Kansas.
https://www.mhinnovation.net/resources/global-mental-health-policy-influence-toolkit
This toolkit presents four tools that are designed to guide you through mapping your policymakers, influencers, and other stakeholders, creating your policy influence plan, defining your role as a ‘knowledge broker’, and identifying and accessing ‘champions’. While this toolkit is aimed at mental health policy, you can apply the tools to your area of policy influence and engagement strategy. The toolkit was written by Jessica MacKenzie and Caroline Cassidy and prepared for the Overseas Development Institute and the Mental Health Innovation Network in 2015.
https://advocacyguide.icpolicyadvocacy.org/
This advocacy guide provides an overview of how you can participate and engage in effective policy advocacy that is firmly grounded in evidence and expert analysis. The advocacy planning framework tool provides guidance for how your advocacy efforts can inform or influence decision-making during the policymaking process. The document was written by Eóin Young and Lisa Quinn at Open Society Foundations in 2012.
https://ctb.ku.edu/en/advocating-change
This resource provides you with a step-by-step outline for your advocacy efforts and for responding to opposition. The toolkit is part of the Community Tool Box service, which was first developed in 1994, comprehensively updated in 2006, and continues to be managed by the Center for Community Health and Development at the University of Kansas.
How can I get policymakers to use my research?
Do you have knowledge that can be used to support policy-related activities? There is no straight line or single approach to get from evidence gained to policy change. You need to be strategic, thoughtful, and patient in the process. You need to find ways to make that evidence accessible, understandable, and useful for knowledge users. These resources provide an introduction to developing strategies for knowledge mobilization in the context of impacting public policy.https://www.urban.org/research/publication/principles-evidence-based-policymaking
This brief describes four principles of evidence-based policymaking that policymakers, agency heads, and other public leaders can use to improve results in the public sector. These principles can be relevant to your work when considering how to mobilize your research to improve how policy decisions are made and how programs are managed. The document was written by the Evidence-Based Policymaking Collaborative in 2016.
http://www.nipn-nutrition-platforms.org/Communicating-evidence-to-decision-makers
This report provides practical guidance for translating your research and analysis into something accessible to policymakers, getting it into the hands of those policymakers, and considering the factors that may affect the likelihood that it is used to guide policy decisions. While the report is tailored towards nutrition policy, you can apply the ‘context, evidence, links’ framework, best practices, and key recommendations for getting evidence into policy to your own area of work. The document was written by Kat Pittore, Jessica Meeker and Tom Barker and commissioned by the Global Support Facility for the National Information Platforms for Nutrition initiative in 2017.
https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/579cb7ba-821f-4967-b3a2-d87556a0bcfe
This guide provides you with practical advice on how to build a functional communications interface between researchers and policymakers. Within the report, you will find steps for developing and implementing an effective dissemination strategy. The report was written by Terry Martin and produced by the European Commission in 2010.
https://www.iwh.on.ca/tools-and-guides/from-research-to-practice-kte-planning-guide
This guide utilizes an ‘exchange’ model to guide your knowledge transfer planning when exploring how to support policy-related activities. The workbook includes advice and worksheets for you to use when creating messages, understanding audiences, transferring knowledge, and defining impacts. The document was written by Rhoda Reardon, John Lavis, and Jane Gibson at the Institute for Work and Health in 2006.
You can use this toolkit to develop your knowledge mobilization plan, put your plan for mobilizing knowledge into action, and evaluate your knowledge mobilization efforts. While the toolkit is specific to child and youth mental health, you can apply it to your own work to help make your evidence accessible, understandable, and useful in strategic ways and to address real-life problems. The toolkit was developed by the Ontario Centre of Excellence for Child and Youth Mental Health in 2019.
This planning primer is designed to help support you in exploring active forms of knowledge sharing in your work. The tool has three parts (diagram, worksheet, and user guide) to guide you through the knowledge translation process. The planning primer was developed by regional knowledge development and exchange analysts at the Public Health Agency of Canada in 2012.
http://melaniebarwick.com/knowledge-translation-tools/
This planning template provides you with a step-by-step framework for planning knowledge translation activities. This tool was developed by Melanie Barwick and updated in 2019, and is copyright of The Hospital for Sick Children.
How can I write a good policy brief or policy paper?
The policy brief and policy paper are key ways to effectively communicate your evidence to policymakers in written form. These resources provide you with guidance to prepare and use a policy brief or policy paper.
https://www.icpolicyadvocacy.org/sites/icpa/files/downloads/icpa_policy_briefs_essential_guide.pdf
This guide provides you with an overview of the policy brief as a communication tool. You can use the writing checklist to help you plan your policy brief. The document was written by Eóin Young & Lisa Quinn and published by the International Centre for Policy Advocacy in 2017.
http://www.ncchpp.ca/67/New_Publications.ccnpps?id_article=1976
This document is a guide for you to use when you are writing an evidence-informed policy brief intended for policymakers. The document gives you a practical overview of the purpose and characteristics of policy briefs and the components and elements to consider when writing policy briefs, and provides a selection of writing guides to help you find resources for your specific knowledge transfer needs. The document was written by Caroline Tessier at the National Collaborating Centre for Healthy Public Policy in 2019.
https://www.who.int/evidence/sure/guides/en/
This resource includes eight guides on policy briefs: two focused on background information (getting started and setting priorities), four focused on how to prepare a policy brief (clarifying the problem, deciding on and describing options to address the problem, identifying and addressing barriers to implementing the options, and clarifying uncertainties and needs for monitoring and evaluation), and two focused on how to use a policy brief (organising and running policy dialogues and informing and engaging stakeholders). While these guides are designed to strengthen evidence-based policy making in Africa, you can use them to support you when preparing and using policy briefs relevant to your work. The guides were developed by the Supporting the Use of Research Evidence (SURE) Collaboration and were updated in 2011.
https://health-policy-systems.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1478-4505-7-S1-S13
This article provides you with questions to guide you in preparing and using policy briefs to support evidence-informed policymaking. The document was written by John Lavis, Govin Permanand, Andrew Oxman, Simon Lewin, and Atle Fretheim and published in Health Research Policy and Systems in 2009.
This guide offers an interactive introduction to the policy paper as a purposeful communication tool for supporting evidence-informed policy making. You can use this guide as a tool for planning, writing, and publishing a policy paper. While this guide is written for policy advisers in central and eastern Europe, you can use them to support you when preparing and using policy briefs relevant to your work. The report was written by Eóin Young and Lisa Quinn at the Open Society Institute in 2002.
How can I evaluate a public policy or public policy initiative?
Are you involved in or looking at a public policy or public policy initiative? These resources are intended to help you think through evaluation from a policy perspective, in the context of evidence-informed policymaking.
https://www.centreforpublicimpact.org/public-impact-fundamentals-diagnostic-tool/
This diagnostic tool identifies three fundamentals of public impact (legitimacy, policy, and action) for you to consider when evaluating your initiative, and includes an observatory of case studies assessed. The fundamentals rubric provides you with a quick way to begin assessing your public impact performance against nine elements (public confidence, stakeholder engagement, political commitment, clear objectives, evidence, feasibility, management, measurement, and alignment). The fundamentals map provides guidance for you to look at your initiative to improve on weaknesses and maintain strengths, which can help you maximize the chances that your initiative will achieve public impact. The tool was developed by the Centre for Public Impact in 2018.
https://www.cdc.gov/policy/analysis/process/evaluation.html
This document provides you with a guide for evaluating your work in the context of the policy process. The logic model tool helps you to understand the larger context of your policy initiative through various components (inputs, activities, outputs, and outcomes and impacts). The framework presents six steps (engaging stakeholders, describing the program, focusing the evaluation design, gathering credible evidence, justifying conclusions, and ensuring use and sharing lessons learned) to help guide you through a program evaluation. The document was developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 2014.https://ctb.ku.edu/en/evaluating-initiative
This resource provides you with a step-by-step outline for developing an evaluation of a community program or initiative. The toolkit is part of the Community Tool Box service, which was first developed in 1994, comprehensively updated in 2006, and continues to be managed by the Center for Community Health and Development at the University of Kansas.
https://cihr-irsc.gc.ca/e/45336.html
This guide provides you with a learning module to build your knowledge and skill in the area of evaluation. While the guide is designed for health research, you can apply this document in the context of your own research and knowledge translation efforts. The document was prepared by Sarah Bowen in the School of Public Health at the University of Alberta for the Canadian Institutes of Health Research in 2012.
https://cathexisconsulting.ca/evaluation-policy-influence-check-out-this-guide/
This guide is designed to assist you in planning and evaluating your policy-influence work. The resources are organized in a four-step process (identify and engage stakeholders, select policy-influence goals and strategies, focus the evaluation, and choose data collection methods and tools) to help you create your evaluation plan. The guide was produced for the Public Health Agency of Canada’s Innovation Strategy Projects by Marla Steinberg, Adina Jacobson, and Kate Powadiuk of Cathexis Consulting and published between 2000 and 2014.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Barwick, M. (2019). Knowledge Translation Planning Template. Toronto, ON: Hospital for Sick Children. http://melaniebarwick.com/knowledge-translation-tools/
Bowen, S. (2012). A Guide to Evaluation in Health Research. Ottawa, ON: Canadian Institutes of Health Research. https://cihr-irsc.gc.ca/e/45336.html
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Weaver, L. (2018). Bringing the Heart into Collective Impact: Member Motivation. Waterloo, ON: Tamarack Institute, University of Waterloo. https://www.tamarackcommunity.ca/library/bringing-the-heart-into-collective-impact
Young, E. & Quinn, L. (2002). Writing Effective Public Policy Papers: A Guide for Policy Advisers in Central and Eastern Europe. Budapest, HU: Local Government and Public Service Reform Initiative, Open Society Institute. https://www.icpolicyadvocacy.org/sites/icpa/files/downloads/writing_effective_public_policy_papers_young_quinn.pdf
Young, E. & Quinn, L. (2012). Making Research Evidence Matter: A Guide to Policy Advocacy in Transition Countries. Budapest, HU: Open Society Foundations, International Centre for Policy Advocacy. https://advocacyguide.icpolicyadvocacy.org/
Young, E. & Quinn, L. (2017). An Essential Guide to Writing Policy Briefs. Berlin, DE: International Centre for Policy Advocacy. https://www.icpolicyadvocacy.org/sites/icpa/files/downloads/icpa_policy_briefs_essential_guide.pdf
Young, J., Shaxson, L., Jones, H., Hearn, S., Datta, A., & Cassidy, C. (2014). RAPID Outcome Mapping Approach: A Guide to Policy Engagement and Policy Influence. London, UK: Research and Policy in Development Programme, Overseas Development Institute. https://www.odi.org/features/roma/home